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New ideas on universal structure Conflict with the church
 * Nicolaus Copernicus came up with heliocentric theory which stated the sun was the center of the universe and all the planets revolved around the sun.
 * Tycho Brahe carefully recorded the movements of planets and produced mountains of data however he left it up to his followers to make since of them.
 * Johannes Kepler Brahe’s assistant continued his work Kepler concluded that the motion of planets was governed by certain mathematical laws.
 * He also showed that one of the laws showed that the planets revolved around the sun in elliptical orbits as opposed to the orbits that were assumed before.
 * Galileo Galilei was an Italian astronomer he built his own telescope in 1609 in 1610 he published a small book called the starry messenger.
 * He announced Jupiter had four moons and the sun had dark spots(now called sunspots)
 * He noted that the earth’s moon had a ruff uneven surface. That shattered Aristotle’s theory that the moon and stars were made of pure substance. This supported Copernicus’s theory.
 * Galileo’s findings threatened both the protestant and catholic leaders because it went against church theories and teachings.
 * In 1616 the catholic leaders told Galileo not to back up Copernicus. Although Galileo remained silent in public he studied on.
 * In 1632 Galileo published __dialogue concerning the two chief world systems__ it clearly backed up Copernicus.
 * The pope made Galileo come to Rome to stand trial before the inquisition. Galileo went on trial in 1633 and under the threat of touchier he read a written statement saying that the theory’s of Copernicus were false.